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THE EFFECT OF MISLEADING INFORMATION IN THE MEMORY AND SUGGESTIBILITY OF CHILD WITNESSES AND ADULTS.Author: PAZ ALONSO PEDRO MANUEL. Year: 2003. University: PAÍS VASCO [ www.ehu.es]. Place of defense: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA. Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE PSICOLOGIA. Summary: The false information post-suceso adversely affects memory and suggestibility of child witnesses and adults. The effect of misleading information has indicated that witnesses of an event, after receiving false information related to certain aspects of it, bring some of this information than ever witnessed in a later memory test on the original event. This effect is well documented empirical level, and now acknowledges the influence that it presents different factors of cognitive and social order. However, the specific nature of the mechanisms responsible for its occurrence remains disputed. In this PhD thesis discusses some of the major theories and hypotheses cognitive and social have tried to explain the emergence of the effect of misleading information, through four empirical studies memory of witnesses to events of emotional nature. The suggestibility and accuracy of memory were investigated on the basis of misleading information provided (experimental, control), retention interval (immediate 2-semanas) recovery order (sequential, random), event type (negative, negative ), and type of information (central peripheral). Furthermore, using a new methodology that looks so corrected some of the main explanation of this effect. The main contributions of this research were: (a) to investigate the effect of misleading information through events that have a retiring nature emotional, (b) identify the positive and negative experiences more frequent and intense autobiographical memory of children aged 8 and 12 years, as well as examining the effect of emotional valence of the events in his memory suggestibility and (c) use a memory test and a methodology that allows editing the main criticisms brought to the evidence of appreciation in the literature, as well as examine memory and the suggestibility of witnesses with greater ecological validity (d) assess the compliance of child witnesses and adults to specific questions as suggestive predictor of accepting misleading information, and (e) review the effects of retention interval and recovery order in the suggestibility and accuracy of the memory of witnesses before information vs. Central. Peripheral emotional event. The results of the studies that are reflected in this Doctoral Thesis show the relevance of certain social factors in the onset of the effect of misleading information, both in child witnesses as witnesses in adults. In addition, the interval retention and recovery order, factors associated with cognitive assumptions also partly explained the emergence of the effect of misleading information. The idea of altering the footprint, the strength of the mark, the coexistence of memories, and the social demands of the experimental situation and response bias are discussed in the light of these results. Finally, there are potential applications that can be derived from these results, with a view to improving the quality of the testimony of children and adults in interviews forensic evaluation.
INTERVIEW COGNIIVA IN THE CIVIL GUARDSummary: One of the tasks frecuentesde police is to collect statements from victims and / or witnesses of the events under investigation. These witness statements were crucial while flawed, as the psychology of testimony has proved to be adversely affected by several factors. It is therefore important that police used interview techniques capable of contrarestar these problems, but not often receive special training in this field, and various revisions are reports that police interviews traditional (ET) contienenelementos disruptive harming testimony. In the eighties it was suggested the Cognitive Interview (EC) as a new métodopensado for police officers to obtain testimony largest and truthful with traditional procedures. Pocodespuésdesu apariciónse perfected, sumandoa elements cognitive original others comunitavos, pasandoa called Cognitive Interview Revised (ECR). Numerous academic studies has shown that both techniques are better than traditional police interviews with those who have been comparing, in the sense that their jobs are obtained more accurate data without increase significativamentelos errors. However, little has been investigated in the area purely police, despite emerged for that purpose, and when it has made the results have not been so favorable.
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