ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Author: GARCINUÑO MARTÍNEZ ROSA M..
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS.

Summary: An intensive agriculture allows increasing crop productivity with the consequent economic profitability, but that involves the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers for creating at the same time ploblemas ambientales.La growing global concern for preserving the environment makes it necessary to develop treatment systems, decontamination and / or destruction of these pollutants to minimize their presence in the environment and thus their level of risk to living things. Here, the use of plants and plant to "clean" or "remedy" contaminated environments, "fitorremediación" is being established at present as a technology of interest. The treatment of crops and crops with pesticides poses a risk of contamination to food, and as a result a possible poisoning of consumers. Sometimes, the product may suffer applied chemical degradation or metabolíca, creating products that can equally or more toxic that the original and not detctables by the analytical method for determining éste.Es therefore necessary to develop new treatment methods for sample the deteminación pesticide products and ensuring consumer safety. To deal with this dual current problems due to the use of palguicidas, the main objectives of this Doctoral Thesis have focused on two large blocks, the first of which was based onthe optimization and characterization of model plant systems (Lupinus angustifolius, commonly known as lupine or blue lupine), as a possible species for the remediation and cleanup of sites contaminated with organic pesticides prototype. The second goal has been based on the development of new methodologies and cleanup of sites contaminated with pesticididas organic prototipo.El second objective has been based on eldesarrollo new methodologies aimed at isolating and quantifying waste and metabollitos of palguicidas in samples of interest agrifood. To accomplish the first objective compounds difenrentes families (simazine, atrazine, isporturón,. Lunurón carvaril, fenamiphos, and permtín). Research continued with the study of the distribution and transport of periferios accumulated in different parts of the plant, as well as the study of posivles mechanisms degradación.Para it were used palguicidas carbaryl, permethrin and linuron, given the greater affinity persentada towards them by the lupine seeds. The second objective of the research baasado in developing new metodologícas allowing simultaneous extraction, separation, identification and quantification of fungicide maned and its products degradación.Esto is a high level of interest given the toxicity presenting this past, as well as the risks associated pra human health arising from the consumption of food containing minimal amounts of mismos.La investigation began with the study of the degradation of the fungicide maneb in different disoluciones.De Thus, in addition to assessing the half-life maned, have been achieved in dissolving the kind EBIS not marketed. The first analytical method was developed for samples of tomato, and is based on a conventional method of solid-liquid extraction, which involves a process of grinding and subsequent agitation of the sample in half orgánico.El next step in the research consisted in to develop a method for the extraction of degradation products ETU and EBIS in our almonds, whose complexity is greatly partee in its high content lipído.Dado the nature of the sample, fitted with a sturdy shell, the possibility of encostrar maneb and EU inside it is very small, as both analytes degrade before entering the interior of fruto.Se has developed a new procedure tratami 8 nt of 649 shows and cleaning faster and easier that currently available inthe based on the discrepción of the matrix into a solid phase (MSPD), which allows the extraction of genetic analytes and cleaning of the sample sequentially, without need for an additional method for purification of the extracts. Finally, it stresses that for the first time have been on the verge extraction methods that consider joint fungicide maneb and its degradation products more importantes.Ambos methods developed have provided the sensitivity and selectivity required for the identification of compounds trials. Son methods Quick, simple and accurate that have been applied to two types of expressions of interest agrifood, reaching limits of detection due to the existing legislation, which makes these methods are proposed to be used in routine analysis.

Author: SEGURA ROUX MARTA.
Year: 2003.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS.

Summary: The results of analytical quality in the analysis of metals in wastewater permit decision making due on the potential uses of water. This thesis covers the preparation of three materials wastewater certified in the content of AS, CD, CR, CU, FE, NM, OR, PB, HE AND ZN: BCR - 713 (Water resudual treated), BCR - 714 ( urban Water residual crude) and BCR - 715 (Water residual industrial). Seeking solutions pra identifying those analytes problematic ensu determination by ICP-MS as the PLC (interfered by chlorides) and FE (Interferido for calcium and argon ensu isotope majority). Assesses the interfering effect of chlorides in determining AS depending on various conditions experimentales.Para determination and nebulizers of FE develops a new method of immobilizing a complexing agent FE (desferal) SOL-GEL determining the isotope 56FE able cold plasma, using the shield of torch. Assesses stability in different storage conditions AS (III) AS (V), MMA and DMA in urban waste water treated urban wastewater Gross species by analyzing the atomic fluorescence. The development of a passive sampler used for monitoring ambietes aquatic avoiding sampling points.

Author: NUÑEZ BURCIO OSCAR.
Year: 2003.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUIMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

Summary: The aim of this thesis has been the development of analytical methodology for the identification and characterization of two families salts monio quaternary. The first is known generically under the name cuats and compounds that are used as herbicides and plant growth regulators. The second family under study is a group of quaternary ammonium salts as a matter of biocide which have included various counterparts chloride bensalconio and chloride didecildimetilamonio. With respect to the family of cuatas, methods have been developed for on-line preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis to determine, based on the phenomena of "stacking" and "sweeping". It also has studied the capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry using an ion trap analyzer and a source of ionization electropulverización. The methods developed based on techniques electroforéticas have allowed in all cases analyze cuats in samples of drinking water at levels regulated by the Agency for Environmental Protection in the United States (US EPA) and, in some cases, also the levels required by the European Union. It also has an automated on-line preconcentration method using a system preconcentration Prospeckt and has been coupled with LC-MS methods using analyzers triple cuadrupolo and flight time. The results obtained for the determination of cuats with triple cuadrupolo have proved to be the best among those reported so far estso compounds. It has been used a desk study on routes fragmentation of cuats using information provided with an analyzer trap ions and fragmentation into a hybrid cuadrupolo-tiempo flight (Q-TOF), which has led to some routes framentación consistent for these compounds as well as resolve questionable allocations described in the literature. Finally, it has started a new line of inquiry based on the development of analytical methodology for the determination of certain quaternary ammonium salts as a matter of biocide that has begun with the development of a method of chromatography líquidos-espectrometría mass in tandem it has identified these compounds in samples of river water to levels that are described in the literature for this type of sample as well as ophthalmic formulations.

Author: MARCOS DEL AGUILA JOSEP.
Year: 2003.
University: POMPEU FABRA.
Place of defense: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES Y DE LA SALUD.

Summary: Anabolic agents prohibited by the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) must be absent in the urine samples subjected to analysis. The detection limit is determined by the sensitivity of the instrument and the signal to noise ratio due to biological material coextraído along with the analytes of interest. The new demands sensitivity of the IOC as the detection of new substances used in significantly lower doses requires rethinking the strategy used analytical. The overall objective of this thesis is to develop new analytical techniques of high sensitivity for the detection of anabolic steroids and other in human urine by: 1-Study of capillary liquid chromatography for measuring concentrations of testosterone and epitestosterona in human urine . 2, - study the purification of the sample prior to analysis instrumentation. Consideration of the use of cormatografía of inmunoafinidad (IAC) in the purification dela selective sample. - Development of procedures by high performance liquid chromatography for purification of fractions in the confirmatory analysis. 3-Increased sensitivity analysis instrumentation. - Study of the formation of tert-butildimetilsilil derivatives as an alternative to trimestilsilil derivatives customarily used. - Consideration of the use of new instrumentation based on mass spectrometry and ion trap tandem (MS / MS) to achieve the sensitivity and selectivity required by the new estánderes imposed by international organizations in the area of health, in particular in sport.

Author: CABAÑERO ORTIZ ANA ISABEL.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID.
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS QUÍMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CC. QUÍMICAS.

Summary: The research development in this dissertation presents a double finalidad.Por one hand is dealt with comprehensively solving analytical problems that arise in determining the total content of mercury and selenium and its species in samples of biological interest and nutricional.Para It has developed new methods of treatment shows that improve the performance of existing ones, in terms of reduction in the time spent, simplicity of the procedure and increase recoveries; always preserving species originally present in the sample. Moreover, the new developed and validated analytical methodology has been applied to the determination of total mercury and selenium and species and their interaction with proteins in food of high consumption (the main route of entry of mercury and selenium in the body) . has also been considering the efficiency of the provision of these elements through diet, after evaluating its biodisponibilidad.Paralelamente results have been used as a tool to learn about the mechanisms of accumulation, distribution, processing and interaction of mercury and selenium animales.Al same time have been assessed possible ways to reduce the toxicity of mercury through supplementation in the diet of nutritious and absorbent material is not antagonistic to the toxicity of mercury.

Author: RIU VILALNUEVA JOSEP.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

Summary: A methodology was developed in solid phase extraction of natural water samples i waste and sludge from sewage plants for analyzing alquilbencenos linear sulphonated (LAS) i its metabolites, as well as azocolourants sulphonated, based stationary phases C18, SAX i stationary phases commercial styrene divinilbenceo (Isolute ENV + i LiChrolut IN). This method is automated through the automated system ASPEC XL. We have established methodologies separation i detection of the compounds mentioned by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to interface electrosprai i through capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. Here are applied methodologies mentioned in the analysis and identification of compounds in study samples of ocean water, effluent treatment plants and sewage sludge. Finally, we conducted a study on the kinetics of degradation of THE through photocatalyst and ozonation and identify the degradation products which originate from these processes.

Author: SASTRE SOROLLA JORGE.
Year: 2004.
University: BARCELONA.
Place of defense: FACULTA DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTA DE QUÍMICA (UNIVERSITAT DE BARCELONA).

Summary: This Doctoral Thesis has focused on the design and optimization of laboratory methodologies and tools useful for the assessment of risk associated with an episode of contamination by incorporation of heavy metals in the soil. To do so, in a first phase has been studied the influence of the sampling design in the assessment of risk associated with, besides participating in a European project (LCME) intercomparison of sampling strategies implemented in a plot of reference. In a second stage has been validated using certified reference materials, methods of digestion of environmental samples by total dissolution in microwave (including HF), or by extraction with acidic water regia (ISO 11466) or HNO3. Subsequently, has been compared previously validated methods to establish equivalence or not with respect to the determination of heavy metals. Finally, we have studied the interaction of metals in soils and in clean soils contaminated by the discharge of Azanlcóllar using sorption experiments and tests to determine the simple extraction reversibility of the sorption. We assessed the influence of the average used in sorption experiments comparing one that simulates cationic composition of the soil solution with another CaCl2 0.01 moll-1. Finally, it has been studying the dynamics of the processes that control the interaction both with tracking actual field samples as accelerating the aging of the soil by applying wet and dry cycles in laboratory experiments.

Author: PEREZ BARRIO OSCAR.
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA.

Summary: Consumption of aluminum metal and its alloys has experienced a gradual increase during the last few decades. The current average consumption per capita and year in Europe ranges from 3 to 30 kg, but the outlook for the future indicate that continue to grow in the coming years ultitud applications among which the construction, transportation and manufacturing of packaging. The current method of aluminum production on a large scale, is the electrolísis of alumina in a bath consisting principally of a mezlca of cryolite melt sodium fluoride aluminum and alumina. Once produced aluminum metal, is often needed a new merger called "Aluminum Secondary" for the purpose of obtaining various alloys with other metals-Ti, Fe, Si, B, and so on. To achieve that, during the merger occurs uniformly fine structure and nucleation agents are added. Two more employees are fluoroborato potassium and fluorotitanato potassium. The company Fluorine derivatives SA, located in Ontón, Castro Urdiales is dedicated to the production of inorganic fluoride and among the four mentioned above: aluminum fluoride, cryolite melt sodium, fluoroborato potassium and fluorotitanato potassium.

Author: OREJUELA GAMBOA EVA MARÍA.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIA.

Summary: The main aim of this thesis has been to contribute to the development of chromatographic methods and electrophoretic detection luminescent for deeterminación pesticide. This has been addressed improving various stages of the analytical process related to these determinations. As for the previous operations, has evaluated the role of media micelares in various stages of the same, as their catalyst in the reaction of dervatización of phenolic compounds and in the degradation of pesticides N-metilcarbamatos. Moreover it has been found useful actors derivatizantes for the determination of various types of pesticides by LC as EC. So, has been used ClDns for the determination of pesticides in the family of carbamates and fluorescent markers derived from the fluorescein, as DTAF, for derevatización metabolites of clorprofan. Lastly have been used derivatizantes long wavelength for the determination of pesticides such as those arising from the indocianina, domostrando the great potential of these for your determination through CE-LIF. As for the separation techniques, we have made use of liquid chromatography detection quimiluminiscente, developed a methodology based on the system TCPO-Peroxido hydrogen for the determination of pesticides and its metabolites once derivatizados with chloride dansilo. Likewise has empmleado the EC for determination of pesticides used as a detection system for laser-induced fluorescence either source or through an argon ion laser diodes. It has resorted to the use of techniques quimiométricas to address the separation of chromatographic peaks caring high degree of overlap. The models obtained are simple networks and high interpretability from a chemical analytical. Finally emphasize the development of applications of the proposed methods for different types of real samples such as urine, fruit juices and potatoes.

Author: CRIADO HERRERA ANDRES JOSE.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The research is contained in the report has been directed toward the development of various systems for screening of samples to provide answers type binary YES / NO regard to the presence / absence of an analyte or family of analytes in them. The analytical tools proposals fall within the area clinic / toxicological and environmental, with the goal of providing credible alternatives with better analytical properties supreme (accuracy), basic (accuracy, sensitivity and selectivity) and productive (speed, cost and personal factors) conventional methodologies. The more specific objectives that have been marked focus on the development of continuous flow systems that enable simple and robust screening of biological fluids and environmental samples (soil and sediment). For determining parameters of interest. In these systems is demonstrated the utility of microwave energy and freeze-drying of samples for the simplification of the previous operations of the analytical process. In the event that the screening system will provide a comprehensive response to a family of analytes, has been developed for the stage confirmation mediantecromatografíade liquids. In Chapter 11 the report, are two different parties with a common denominator, the development of methods for automatic determination of paracetamol using photometric detector, the detector response universal ELSD (detector evaporativo of dispersiónde light). In Chapter 111, develop different methodologies that automatically integrates both an initial screening of samples, and later confirmed by results of liquid chromatography. More specifically, it deals with the determination of bile acids and organic contaminants (polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) in biological fluids (serum and urine) and solid environmental samples (soil and sediment), in the first case using the detector ELSD, and detection fluorimétrica / Uv-vis in the second, both to the stage of screening, as confirmation of results.

Author: JUNCO CORUJEDO SARA.
Year: 2004.
University: OVIEDO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUIMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUIMICA.

Author: MORENO-CID BARINAGA AMADA.
Year: 2004.
University: SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.

Summary: This research work has been designed and optimized different devices that have allowed the treatment of a solid sample done on a continuous basis through a system of flow injection analysis (FIA). These devices, with the help of ultrasonic energy, have helped extract metals from different samples of solid food nature or dissolve the sample in cases that it is continuing to determine the soluble calcium, zinc, copper, iron, magnesium manganese and by atomic absorption spectrometry with flame (FAAS). The proposed methodologies have been applied to real samples. Moreover, it has done a statistical study using the "Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) to assess the ease or difficulty of the extraction process of each individual metal matrix solid food in nature. We have evaluated the optimal parameters for each extraction, and the similarities and differences between each process.

Author: RUEDAS RAMA MARÍA JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: This report presents the development of ten sensors spectroscopic in continuous flow for the automatic determination of organic and inorganic species in environmental and pharmacological distinction between sensors without renewal of the surface with sensors and sensor renewal of the sensor surface. Three sensors have been developed without renewing the surface sensor based on the location of an adequate volume of a homogeneous suspension of particles in a flow cell spectroscopic detector. Once the analysis, ie developed the analytical signal is the regeneration of the sensor with an appropriate dissolution eluent. The seven sensors with renovations to the surface sensor developed are based on the concept of spectroscopy with injection of particles or microspheres ( "Bead Injection Spectroscopy"), which is based on the injection of a precise volume of a homogeneous suspension of particles in a system flow injection analysis with detection espectroscópica molecular level. At the end of analyzing particles are disposed of reversing the direction of flow and driven out of the system automatically replaced and the surface after each sensor measured by a new injection of particles. In all cases there has been a comprehensive study of the experimental variables that may affect this type of sensors. Here are calibrated sensors, while the calibration equation allowing relate the values of the analytical signal to the concentration of analyte. Interference studies were conducted to ascertain the response of the sensor in the presence of organic and inorganic compounds that usually accompany the analytes in samples rights to which apply sensors. In the case of the emergence of serious interference were designed suitable strategies for their elimination. Lastly, the proposed sensors were applied to the determination of analytes in samples of a different nature. The results confirm the validity of the proposed sensors.

Author: HERRERO HERNANDEZ ELISEO.
Year: 2004.
University: SALAMANCA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS QUIMICAS.

Summary: It has developed a method, based on the solid phase extraction and chromatographic separation with spectrophotometric detection for the preconcentration simultaneous three herbicides widely used and seven of its degradation products more common, the concentration levels established by the legislation . The proposed method has been used to assess the presence and evolution over time of these analytes in samples of surface water and groundwater in agricultural areas of the provinces of Salamanca and Zamora. It has also developed a method to determine simultaneously sulfonil- and fenilureas. For the separation has been used liquid chromatography with spectrophotometric detection (LC-DAD), and by mass spectrometry using electrospray interface as in a positive manner (LC-ESI-MS). Both methods were applied to analyze water river dopadas and compared in terms of selectivity and sensitivity. We have developed new materials based on polymer printed molecularly, to be used as sorbents for preconcentrar herbicides derived from urea and triazínicos. The best results were obtained when the polymer is synthesized by precipitation using MAA as functional monomer and isoproturon or propazina as a template. Studies carried out using SEM show that by precipitation polymerization gives rise aby precipitation microspheres. To confirm the interaction taking place between the template and functional monomer have been carried out by 1H NMR analysis. IPM obtained by precipitation using propazina as a template has been used as a sorbent for preconcentrar triazinas and some of its metabolites in water of the river, in three different configurations: (a) as a sorbent for selective extraction triazinas directly from aqueous samples; (b) mixed LiChrolut AT, and (c) as a sorbent for cleaning organic extracts obtained in a pre SPE sorbent in a conventional.

Author: ARRÁEZ ROMÁN DAVID.
Year: 2004.
University: GRANADA.
Place of defense: FACULTA DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE GRANADA.

Summary: THE DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTROFORESIS HAIR (EC) IS A KEY FIELD AND APPLIED RESEARCH VERY IMPORTANT THAT IS BEING DIFFERENT GROUPS IN REALIZANDO RESEARCH WITHIN THE AREA OF THE CHEMICAL ANALYTICAL. ESTA TECHNIQUE CAN BRING OUT THE SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES ON DIFFERENT TIMES OF NATURE WITH ADDITION OF A SHORT ANALYSIS HIGH EFFICIENCY AND HIGH RESOLUTION. JOBS FOR THE PURPOSE OF SENSORS ON-LINE MAKES ANALYSIS USING SAMPLE OF VERY SMALL AMOUNTS OF WAYS AND FULLY AUTOMATED. IN ADDITION, ARE SUBJECT TO USE DIFFERENT AS THE DETECTION SYSTEMS USED IN THIS MEMORY OF RESEARCH, AND THEY ARE: ESPECTROSCOPÍA ABSORPTION MOLECULAR UV-VISIBLE, FLUORESCENCIA INDUCED BY LASER, FOSFORESCENCIA ATENUADA, ESPECTROSCOPÍA RAMAN RESONANTE WITH SURFACE AUMENTADA DETECTION ELECTROQUÍMICA And ESPECTROMETRÍA OF MASSES. THEREFORE, THE OVERALL GOAL OF THIS REPORT HAS BEEN THE POTENCIALIDAD OF THE SHOW AS TECHNICAL EC!

Author: RUEDAS RAMA MARÍA JOSÉ.
Year: 2004.
University: JAÉN.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES.

Summary: En esta Memoria se presenta el desarrollo de diez sensores espectroscópicos en flujo continuo para la determinación automática de especies orgánicas e inorgánicas de interés medioambiental y farmacológico, distinguiéndose entre sensores sin renovación de la superficie sensora y sensores con renovación de la superficie sensora. Three sensors have been developed without renewing the surface sensor based on the location of an adequate volume of a homogeneous suspension of particles in a flow cell spectroscopic detector. Once the analysis, ie developed signal. Analytical is the regeneration of the sensor with an appropriate dissolution eluent. The seven sensors with renovations to the surface sensor developed are based on the concept of spectroscopy with injection of particles or microspheres ( "Bead Injection Spectroscopy"), which is based on the injection of a precise volume of a homogeneous suspension of particles in a system flow injection analysis with detection espectroscópica molecular level. At the end of analyzing particles are disposed of reversing the direction of flow and driven out of the system automatically replaced aslla surface sensor after each step through a new injection of particles. In all cases there has been a comprehensive study of the experimental variables that may affect this type of sensors. Here are calibrated sensors, while the calibration equation allowing relate the values of the analytical signal to the concentration of analyte. Interference studies were conducted to ascertain the response of the sensor in the presence of IlJs organic compounds and inorganic that usually accompany the analytes in samples rights to which apply sensors. In the case of the emergence of serious interference were designed suitable strategies for their elimination. Lastly, the proposed sensors were applied to the determination of analytes in samples of a different nature. The results confirm the validity of the proposed sensors.

Author: HUEBRA RUIZ MARTA M..
Year: 2004.
University: PAÍS VASCO.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA ANALÍTICA (U.P.V).

Summary: It has studied the behavior electrochemical 4-metil-N-8-quinolinilbencenosulfonamida and 4-cloro-N-8-quinolinilbencenosulfonamida, compounds similar to the active component of extracting industrial LIX 34, and 1-fenil-1 ,3-decanodiona, component active LIX 54. By polarografía differential pulse and cyclic voltammetry have been proposed to reduce global reactions that lead to different waves voltamperométricas. It has also drawn the values of the constants of acidic compounds studied, methods have been developed to determine the active ingredients in industrial formulations have been identified and the purity of them. Finally, we have studied the removal of mercury with LIX 34 and its application to samples of sewage sludge. It has also carried out extraction of copper with 4-cloro-N-8-quinolinilbencenosulfonamida. In both cases have been identified estequiometría of the complex formed and the value of the constants of extraction.

Author: CULLERÉ VAREA LAURA.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The main objectives that have been marked in this thesis are: 1 .- Study detail aromatic composition of a wide range of high-end Spanish wines (white and red), combining for this quantitative analysis of all possible with aromas analysis olfatométrico. We evaluated by the 2 channels both odorantes most active as odorantes potentially discriminating, ie capable of inducing differences in the sensory profile of the wine. 2 .- Developing new methodologies to identify compounds carbonílicos into wine. We tested two strategies: The first one was based on a split in normal mode and the second in a derivatization, using the PFBHA agent derivatizante. 3 .- The ultimate objective is to verify the role played by these components in the overall aroma of the wine. It also has studied the relationship between content aldehídico, type and degree of oxidation of the wine. Following this extensive research work has shown the potential importance of some carbonyl so far not determined by the challenges their analysis. That is why we have developed different analytical methodologies that allow quantify this family of compounds. And once have been about to these methods and have been applied to various wine samples real work has been completed with a sensory study.

Author: HERNANDEZ BORGES JAVIER.
Year: 2005.
University: LA LAGUNA.
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE QUÍMICA - UNIVERSIDAD DE LA LAGUNA.

Author: MEJÍA IZARRA GIOVANNA ALBINA.
Year: 2005.
University: RAMÓN LLULL.
Place of defense: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR IQS.
Place of preparation: ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR IQS.

Summary: This work is part of the projects ECOFANGS and LODOTOX posed by the possibility of using the fano of plant and its products postramiento: compost and sludge drying heat, in the restoration of degraded lands. It has studied the characterization and monitoring of the main components of organic matter (total organic matter, nitrogen matter, lipid fraction and organic pollutants) in the sludge treatment plant and its products aftercare and in some cases in the slurry. The total organic matter has been studied by applying techniques degradativas such as thermal desorption and pyrolysis coupled to gas chromatography with different types of detection (MS, FID). It has also implemented the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The fraction amino acid, peptide / protein has been studied by techniques HPLC-fluorescencia, HPLC-UV and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with SDS respectively. The lipid fraction has been studied through training, development, concentration and toxicity of ticolestanoles and other related compounds not previously described in samples of sludge from wastewater treatment plant. The determination has been made using techniques of analytical chromatographic detectors HRGC with MS, PSF and FID. Finally, it has evaluated the content and evolution of organic pollutants covered by the future European Directive on sludge (3RD Draft).