FLUORIMETRY

Author: LÓPEZ SEBASTIÁN JOSÉ MANUEL.
Year: 2004.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE CARBOQUÍMICA - CSIC-.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE CARBOQUÍMICA -CSIC-.

Summary: The work presented in this report is focused on the study of air pollution addressing various aspects of the same, since its formation and emission processes of power generation to measure levels of air pollution through improved analytical methods for detection . First, it began by studying one of the major human activities that affect air pollution such as power generation processes. The legislation in force in the EU on the tires out of use (PNNFU 2001) requires that the year 2006 is exploiting the 300,000 metric tons / year currently being generated in Spain. Therefore in this report raises the study of pollutant emissions resulting from their use as fuel in power generation processes. From one point of view inorganic focuses on emissions of Zn because the tire is a material with high content of ZnO (2-3%) and from an institutional point of view is the study of plant PAHs. Both processes power generation as other sources of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions pose a great impact on the levels of air pollution and by extrapolation on human health and the planet. Therefore, this work was also carried out an analysis of air pollution in the city of Zaragoza through sampling campaigns using different types of sensors for low and high volume. Finally, in order to develop in the near future a sensor capable of measuring online PAH emission power generation systems also continue studies conducted in fluorescence spectroscopy in the gas phase to develop a cell gas, which serves as the basis of future sensor.

Author: GUIMET VILA FRANCESCA.
Year: 2005.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE QUIMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE QUIMICA.

Author: LÓPEZ GUERRERO MARIA DEL MAR.
Year: 2005.
University: MÁLAGA [www.uma.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The objective of this report is to deepen the luminescent methods of analysis, suggesting new technologies for the analytical resolution of compounds with very similar characteristics in which traditional direct methods are shown incompetent. Within this have been two aspects fotofísicos of Liminiscencia have been addressed as work tools, and the fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy phase resolved. They have been used as additional parameters of the intensity of fluorescence (directly related to the concentration of fluróforo under certain conditions) and the lifetime of fluorescence, and fluorescence anisotropy spectroscopy phase resolved. The fluorescence anisotropy is a parameter related to the structure and configuration of fluoróforos and their values are independent of the concentration, but combined properly and using fractional concentrations allow the resolution of mixtures of compounds structurally very similar and spectroscopic properties virtually equal, and even when not fluorescent compounds to these he added a fluorescent probe. Another aspect that has been addressed has been to further develop methods for determining the purity enantiométrica substance chiral with and / or without physical separation of enantiomers, by applying HPLC. A key to the development of this goal is the detector polarimétirco, which is used as one of the components of the HPLC system.

Author: LÓPEZ FLORES JAVIER.
Year: 2006.
University: JAÉN [www.ujaen.es].
Place of defense: UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN.
Place of preparation: UNIVERSIDAD DE JAÉN.

Summary: In this Report Research presents the development of eight sensors spectroscopic in continuous flow (flow injection-solid phase spectroscopy, FI-SPS) with fluorescence detection induced fotoquímicamente (photochemically induced fluorescence, PIF), for the analysis of drug compounds of interest and environmental, and the first time you used this form of spectroscopic detection sensors in continuous flow. These sensors spectroscopic (also known as optosensores) can be classified according to the number of certain analytes may find sensors monoparamétricos when it is determined a single analyte, or multiparamétricos when conducting the simultaneous determination of more than one. This report presents the development of six sensors monoparamétricos and two biparamétricos (one double biparamétrico):-Monoparamétricos: Metsulfurón methyl, imidacloprid, azoxystrobin, thiamin, reserpine and acid flufenámico - Biparamétricos: Metsulfurón methyl / thiabendazole and binary mixtures of three sulfonamides (sulfanilamida / sulfamethoxazole and sulfanilamida / sulfatiazol) In the case of sensors biparamétricos, the strategy employed for the separation of the analytes to be determined, based on the use of a minicolumna packaged with a solid support appropriate placed before cell flow (in both optosensores proved to be the same support in both areas). One of the analytes is selectively retained in the minicolumna while the other crosses, due to a distinct interaction between them and the solid support, thus allowing their separation and sequential arrival to the area of detection. This makes it possible to determine more of an analyte with a single injection of sample, or to put it another way, the simultaneous determination of both components of a sample binary. Also, in two of these optosensores applying the principles of the multiconmutación using three-way solenoid valves. In all cases there was a careful optimization of the variables that affect this type of optosensores: variable unit retención-detección, instrumental variables, variables and variables inherent in the chemical injection system in flux (or FIG). Moreover, in the case of optosensores biparamétricos was held optimizing the amount of solid support in the minicolumna necessary for the on-line separation of the analytes. All optimizations were aimed at achieving the maximum possible sensitivity and selectivity. Once optimized variables that may affect the system, optosensores were calibrated, in order to find a mathematical equation that relates the fluorescent signal obtained with the concentration of analyte. In all cases using a calibration univariate. In addition, conducted a study of the influence of potentially interfering species that usually accompany the analytes in samples in which it conducts its determination, estimating the range of tolerance of each optosensor to those substances. Finally, optosensores were applied to the determination of the relevant analytes under study samples of various kinds, including natural waters, pharmaceutical preparations, plant protection products, beverages, food and biological fluids. In all cases the results were very satisfactory guarantee that the methods described. These systems show a high sensitivity and selectivity characteristics that derive from the retention and detection of analytes (or its reaction products) on a solid support appropriate in the area of detection. Similarly, the use of photons as "reactive" makes other interesting features for analytes that require derivatization, compared with the chemical derivatization, such as speed, simplicity, low cost and the use of chemical reagents that many ocasio 8 tions pued 688 to be costly and / or harmful and cause the dilution of the sample. Moreover, the use of multiconmutación two of the optosensores proposed offers advantages over the rest of optosensores, which use valves rotating six tracks, such as an increase in automation systems and the reproducibility of the same, more simplicity of management and reduced consumption of reagents. In addition, the use of three-way solenoid valves provides some of the stages of the analysis, such as the introduction of sample and regeneration of the sensor surface. This Research Report describes for the first time the implementation FI-SPS-PIF. This methodology has proven to be very useful and appropriate for the analysis of natural waters, active ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids without sample pretreatment. Furthermore it is shown that such systems can be applied to more complex matrices, using previously extraction processes and / or elimination of interfering.

Author: MATEOS SERRANO ELENA.
Year: 2006.
University: ZARAGOZA [www.unizar.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE CARBOQUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: We present in this paper a strong experimental evidence that suggests that the presence in a given environment of a large number of analytes, including non-fluorescent molecules, alters the level of thirteen native fluorescence probes studied, both in the absence of solvent such as dissolution, without disrupting their emission wavelengths. This is fuoróforos loaded with dipoles and strong. The phenomenon seems to be general, regardless of natualeza chemistry both probes as of the analytes used and presnta interest to understand the relationship between the fluorescence intensity and intermoleculares interactions, as well as their potential aplicaicón analytical in identifying compounds not fluorescent using different detection techniques fluorescence. It proposes a theoretical explanation and a interpretacin químico-física of mechanisms that give rise to these changes in the fluorescence intensity of the response.