METALLIC ELEMENTS

Author: MORALES MUÑOZ SALOME.
Year: 2004.
University: CÓRDOBA [www.uco.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The research included in the thesis is based on the development of treatment methods sample assisted by auxiliary energy, such as microwaves, ultrasound and tempreratura and pressure, using water as extractantel / lixiviante. Thus, explores possibilities of this solvent or niversal for extraction of various analytes of different types of samples and will fulfill the aim of accelerating / automate the processing stage shows also using flow injection systems can be out in dynamic regime some or all of the remaining stages of the analytical process, which posivilita automating all or part of the analytical methods developed. There have also been proposed methods of screening that have made it possible to) know how fast the presence / absence of the analyte in question (which has been used to know when a separation process can be concluded and b) its determination semi or determining overall, when it comes to a group of compounds with similar characteristics. Through the use of high temperature and pressure has been carried out desmetalización and elimination of the species innorganicas non-metallic oils from recycled tires and oils industriales.con later determinaciónpro atomic absorption spectrometry and chromatography with flame ion detection conductimétrica respectively , and the extraction of metals plant, monitoring fluorimétrica of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils, sediments and fish and sequential extraction of toxic organic compounds of different polarity with subsequent detection by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (including microwave). were different teams have microwave extraction and monitoring for hexavalent chromium, fluoroquinolones and surfantactes soil and sediment through systems of extraction coupled with continuous flow systems for the development of subsequent phases of preconcentration and / or referral arrest. And the ultrasound has been used for the extraction of colistin feed.

Author: HERNÁNDEZ GUARÍN GILMER NICOLÁS.
Year: 2004.
University: AUTÓNOMA DE MADRID [www.uam.es].
Place of defense: INSTITUTO DE CERÁMICA Y VIDRIO.
Place of preparation: INSTITUTO DE CERÁMICA Y VIDRIO.

Summary: The colloidal processing of ceramic materials is a very versatile method that allows obteción materials with very complex shapes and special features in susprestaciones physical, chemical and mechanical properties. This versatility of colloidal processing has been used to obtain new materials with properties that respond to the greatest needs that require new technological developments of the materials. Every time required properties with the greatest benefits can be achieved through the formulation of compositions with different stages of features. Such is the case of composite ceramics and metals (CERMETS). Independent of the application for which they are designed or proposed, The cermets require strict control of the dispersion of both phases, as it determines the properties of the compound and therefore its ability to specific applications. Despite the good results obtained in the processing of ceramic powders, it has done a similar study for metal powders. Among the reasons for this lack of study include the high density of plovos metal along with their physico instability in aqueous suspensions that hinder obtaining concentrated suspensions. These suspensions of powdered metal, if obtained in a stable, could lead to the acquisition of parts and metal and metal ceramic microstructures through the techniques extensively studied ceramic materials for cigars.

Author: PRIMO ARNAU ANA MARÍA.
Year: 2005.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Quimica.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: This dissertation focuses on the synthesis, characterization and use of palladium catalysts species on various materials, carbon-carbon coupling reactions. It is intended, in general, to obtain catalysts recoverable and reusable, with the resulting benefits in separation techniques product, process design and improvement in the catalytic environmental impact process. In this thesis using a wide range of materials, using different media (amorphous silica surface and mesoporosa high, zeolites, sepiolitas and mixed oxide derivatives hidrotalcitas laminar) and different ways of introducing palladium in these mediums (impregnation volume of pore, ion exchange or incorporation of nanoparticles in a palladium matrix porous silica obtained by microemulsion). In the case of carbon-carbon coupling reactions Heck and Suzuki, which requires the presence of a base, the great discovery of our work was to get to these reactions, catalysts dual-purpose, ie in the same bracket ( zeolite or sepiolite), included metal palladium centers and basic facilities. Moreover, by the reaction probe reordering of etilen acetal of 2-bromopropiofenona is cyclical found that, depending on the medium used, changing the hardness / blandura of palladium and therefore their ability to suit the requirements of catalytic reaction. On the other hand, Pd and Cu supported on mixed oxide derivatives hidrotalcitas laminates, proved to be efficient catalysts for the coupling reaction DC Sonogashira. It is very important to highlight the true heterogeneity of the material, tested by various methods (filtration hot test of the three-stage analysis of palladium solid reusado and analysis of the metal in solution), which makes it one of the few materials presented in the literature ...