ANALYSIS OF MACROMOLECULES

Author: PERIS CAMPODARBE SERGIO.
Year: 2004.
University: ROVIRA I VIRGILI [www.urv.cat].
Place of defense: FACULTAT DE QUÍMICA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAT DE QUÍMICA.

Author: SILVIA MARÍA GARCÍA GARCÍA.
Year: 2006.
University: ALICANTE [www.ua.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The migration of PVC plasticizers from it to other polymers in contact shortens the life span and quality of the product because there is a deterioration of the properties of both polymers. At present, the rules concerning quality assurance, the migration of plasticisers of some other plastics has taken greater significance within the plastics industry. This problem, plasticizer migration and diffusion sólido-sólido between plastic materials, is the main purpose of this trabajo.En this research suggests two different methods for the study of migration: In the first of the proposed methods is determined the amount of plasticizer migrated by thermogravimetric analysis and implementation of a kinetic model that allows us to separate the processes observed and determine rates migración.El second method is used spectroscopy ATR-FTIR through which one can study the evolution of the absorption bands due to the plasticizer with time on the spot, and in this way. The application of a model is used to obtain the diffusion coefficients of diffusion system. The rigorous treatment of the problem makes it possible to calculate the diffusion coefficients of plasticizer singles in each of the polymer system to study.

Author: MONLLOR PÉREZ PABLO.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: Applying microencapsulados to textiles is not an application that is so widespread as in other fields, such as the pharmaceutical, agri-food and cosmetics. The microencapsulados are a new way to get finished textile resulting from aplicaciónsobre tissues of these products which provides "finished unconventional." The microencapsulation has enabled the procurement of tissues with fragrances and perfumes resistant washings. The microencapsulados for the textile industry, unlike those used in pharmacy, no need soluble membrane, with a few exceptions, since the active ingredients of the nuclei of the microcapsules are released by rupture of the capsule, or permeability of the same, this represents an important difference with the rest of manufacturing microcapsules, as well as the characteristics of the polymer to be used for membranes, which gives us a reason to study. The continued use of tissues with microencapsulados containing a matter Activation whose effect is manifested by breaking some capsules obviously creates a degradation and a loss of effect and will be transmitted even greater, if you add up the effects of maintenance. This study has identified the degradation of microcapsules (tissue), depending on the use and maintenance. This has been prepared with varying concentrations tissues of the same product (microencapsulated flavor), and subjected to various tests. In implementing the microencapsulados on textiles, trials have been conducted exclusively by impregnation, as it is the procedure that has provided us with better results. As previous work has analyzed the characteristics of the products microencapsulados business, determining the average size of microcapsules, the amount of active material by removing water, its temperature by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) . All this data has provided us with information on the microcapsules which have been used for characterization once deposited on fabrics. Tissues with microcapsules have been studied using two instrumental techniques, Spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) to identify the major functional groups present in a product, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), along with other alternative methods the deconvolution of spectra bands.

Author: CALDERÓN CARPINTERO VERÓNICA.
Year: 2006.
University: BURGOS [www.ubu.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS.

Summary: The aromatic polyamides are high performance polymers, which have a very high thermal resistance and mechanical properties exceptional. They are engineered materials that are used in the manufacture of products with high added value. However, its low solubility limits the application of these materials to develop fibers and coatings, as they can not be processed by conventional methods of injection or extrusion. For their part, the crown ethers and related compounds are considered supramolecular entities that act as hosts to selective cation (guests). This characteristic makes them exceptional compounds towards applications in the field of molecular recognition, such as electrodes ión-selectivos, conveyors in and supported liquid membrane, extractantes selective techniques separación-purificación, etc.. The overall objective is the design of advanced materials with specific properties of molecular recognition for applications in separation technologies and reconnaissance (membranes). Achieving this goal involves a series of steps: 1 .- Synthesis and characterization of new diácidos acid derivatives isfotálico carrying groups lateral crown ethers and podandos. 2 .- Summaries of polyamides from the combination of new diácido with diaminas business. 3 .- Evaluation of properties of the new polyamides and comparison with other polyamides. 4 .- Evaluation of the characteristics of molecular recognition of the new polyamides in the study of materials as extractantes ion selective membranes and for the transport of analytes. Once designed chemical structures that have led to new materials proposed, the next step is a synthesis of the monomers. This thesis arose monomers diácidos that has been used in the preparation of polyamides. It synthesized homopolymers and dense membranes were prepared by deposition by casting in polyamides and by radical polymerization spot between mold thickness appropriate polimetacrilatos. The membranes prepared from polyamides with monomers with crown ethers, or similar in structure, have been evaluated in the solid-liquid extraction selective cation (alkaline, alkaline and metal), as well as selective transport them through media organic and / or aqueous (the testing environment depends on the type of polymer). From the data obtained, it has analyzed the behavior as sensor cromogénico, fluorogénico and / or absorbing UV / Vis of the material. It has also been studied selective transport of gases. Certainly not know the influence of groups receiving loaded in the selective permeation of these compounds, although we already have experience in the transport membranes prepared from polymers possessing crown ethers and similar in structure.