MATHEMATICAL SOCIOLOGY

Author: RUIZ RUFINO RUBEN.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CCPP Y SOCIOLOGÍA.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD DE CC . POLÍTICAS Y SOCIOLOGÍA.

Summary: Â Is it possible to classify any electoral system according to a set of functions whose values can be presented in a continuous shaft? This thesis aims to give an affirmative answer to this question. To that end, the main aportaicón of this research is the calculation and optimization of what is called aggregation functions thresholds. The functions of aggregating thresholds allow determining the minimum proportion of votes needed to win a certain number of seats, taking into account all existing districts. This new measure is in its sphere of apliación but not his theoretical formulation. The definition of functions threshold is due to earlier work in the literature where it is well calculated for a single seat, either at the district level or to both. The measure is being proposed here is a general ap licarse to calculate any number of seats and any electoral system. Besides his character added obliges take into account any slas constituencies in which a country is divided. This measure allows find two values of paramount importance. On the one hand, provides the smallest percentage of votes by which a party can win an absolute majority in parliament. Moreover, it offers the smallest value of votes by which a party may win a single seat in parliament. These two measures can be used to characterize the electoral systems. In the first values, we can create a scale of values on an axis that allows continuous know the flexibility of electoral systems to create absolute majorities or coalition governments. In the latter values, we can also obtain a scale which measures the flexibility of the different electoral systems in the mainstream minority parties. In other words, to measure both the capacity of electoral systems to favor different types of executives like framentación parliament. The functions of aggregating thresholds apply to a total of 593 electoral processes that occurred between the years 1945-2000. The elections marked correspond to 102 countries and 183 electoral systems. Values are presented depending on the electoral system used. So the values are grouped by those obtained under majoritarian system, proportional systems based on formulas dividers, obtendios under proportional systems based quota formulas and finally obtained in the different types of mixed systems.

Author: SANCHEZ MORENO ANA BELEN.
Year: 2004.
University: COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID [www.ucm.es].
Place of defense: FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.
Place of preparation: FACULTAD CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN.

Summary: At the root of the introduction of the computer as a tool maker pictures begin to appear new ways of representing the environment, to the point set of alternative reality known as "Virtual Reality". Concepts such as repurchase, or virtual representation simulation are gaining new sentidos.En this work seeks to clarify the term actually study over different periods as well as represent them, led by three key elements: the role of the artist, style and instrumentation técnica.Con the arrival of this concept takes on new computer nuances here and starts the need to conduct a study of the many consequences that arise. This thesis is therefore mainly to draw the attention on the many problems that were already taking place and that no doubt will stress in the near future and contribute to speak of a kind of revolution in the world of image obtained Through these new media. Finally impact on the large number of applications that are taking place as well as an overview of everything that may happen.

Author: BERMEO ANDRADE HELGA PATRICIA.
Year: 2006.
University: POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA [www.upv.es].
Place of defense: Dep. Proyectos de Ingenieria.
Place of preparation: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia.

Summary: The research work is considered one of the fundamental missions of the university. To the extent that compliance with this mission is in charge of the work associated with the structures of academic research, it is vitally important for an effective university management, analysis of those factors that influence the performance level of these structures, with the to generate policies and strategies that enhance the effectiveness of the results of academic research, according to the institutional mission and the needs of their environment influence. Essentially, three facts behind this research. The first, referred to the fact that collaborative research is now the most significant activity in the scientific community globally. The second, related to the recognition of the critical value it has on the politics of science and technology, assessment and assurance of value and impact scientific, economic, social, research and development (R & D). Thirdly, the dearth of scientific literature that addresses these issues at the micro level within the university level. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to explore the dynamics, and potential effects they have on the performance of academic research units, linking them in collaborative efforts in R & D. To do so, in the first part presents the research problem, defining the objectives of the research, recognizes the state of the art in the subject of study and sets out the assumptions that derive from the model proposed research. Using the methodology of the case study of 198 Research Groups (GI) of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), linked mainly to the scientific areas of Basic Sciences and Technology, in the second part of this thesis presents the methodology and results of the research model validation. Thus, based on a deductive approach with positivist philosophy and deterministic method, in this investigation, which is recognized in essence a confirmatory, two facts are checked in particular. First, the relevance of the assessment of the performance of the GI under a multi-going approach goes beyond the traditional measure of productivity, and that is supplemented by other evaluation criteria, such as efficiency, quality and scientific impact. Second, the value of the presence of scientific collaboration to improve the performance level of the GI, particularly when it comes to improvements in the quality and impact of scientific results of academic research.